Joe Brew and Elisa Sicuri

Introduction

Context

This document provides an overview of the GSK malaria immunisation costing estimation. This project is being carried out under the direction of Dr. Elisa Sicuri. Its purpose is to provide country-specific estimates for the non-vaccine costs of implementing large-scale malaria immunisation across sub-saharan Africa. It is considered a “work in progress” and is intended for further review and revisions prior to publication.

Justification

Given that the a truly large-scale Malaria vaccination campaign has never taken place, it is impossible to know Malaria immunisation unit costs through direct prior experience. However, it is possible to estimate these costs indirectly by gathering data on the costs of other vaccination campaigns over the last two decades.

This study aims to estimate the non-vaccine costs of widespread Malaria vaccination implementation across Africa via the collection, itemization and standardization of vaccine cost studies in the literature. Its results provide estimates of likely costs to be incurred by Malaria immunisation programmes.

Methods

Data collection

Search strategy

For the purposes of both transparency and future reproducibility, we use a standard and automated search strategy. Our time frame of interest is 2000 to present day (June, 2016). Our search query is "'((vaccine) OR (vaccination) OR (immunization)) AND (cost) AND (africa)'". The code for retrieving the papers and abstracts from PubMed (in the "R" programming language) is available here.

Data aggregation and cleaning

Itemization and data extraction

Having finished selection, we extract from each study the itemized costs of immunization, excluding the actual purchase of vaccine. The categories are:

  • Equipment: Materials and supplies, such as syringes, needle disposal boxes, bandages, paper, etc.

  • Human resources: All human labor costs, including salary and wages.

  • Sensitisation: All public awareness, advertising or other opinion-influencing actiity.

  • Training: Education and training for programme personnel, other than that which they would have already received independely of programme existence.

  • Transportation: All costs associated with moving vaccine and/or personnel and/or supplies for the vaccination campaign, including (but not limited to) cold storage.

  • Wastage: Any non-productive cost.

  • Administration: All non-vaccine, non-material, and non-personnel costs related to the actual delivery of the vaccine, once at a health facility or other site of immunisation, not covered in any of the below categories.

In some cases, all of the above items were available. In most, only some of them were disclosed. In many cases, costs were given as a percentage of total, rather than in currency.

Cost types

Studies variably reported cost “types” such as fixed, in-kind, recurring, start-up, variable, etc. These categories were often overlapping and incompatible. They are intentionally excluded due to the lack of comparability across studies.

By the same token, a minority of studies noted, albeit indirectly, the distinction between economic and financial costs. To the extent that this distinction was infrequent and inconsistent, it is also ignored.

We distinguished between “trial” studies (also referred to as “campaign” or “non-routine”), and those implementing more regularly administered vaccines (referred to simply as “routine”) Likewise, we distinguished between studies pertaining to the “introduction” of a vaccine in an area for the first time, versus those that pertained to costing of a vaccine that was already in place, ie “non-introduction”.

Among our studies, all trial costs happened to be from non-introduction studies (ie, they were trials of a vaccine that was already used in some shape or form), whereas non-trial studies where sometimes introductory in nature (approximatey 1/3 of non-trial studies) and the majority was non-introductory.

Final inclusion dataset

After selection, we itemized our data into article-cost type pairings.

The raw itemized data is below:

Currency standardization

Following itemization, we standardize all costs from local currencies and past values to the equivalent of 2016 United States Dollars. For currency conversion from local to US dollars, we use publicly available exchange rates from Quandl.

For inflation adjustment, we use the “Consumer Price Index” from the United States Bureau of Labor and Statistics.

All costs reported herein are in 2016 US Dollars.

Purchasing price parity

We also adjust currency for purchasing price parity, as estimated by the World Bank (Bank 2015). For our purposes, “adjustment” refers to the process by which we convert from local currency to 2016 USD in PPP. In many cases, this meant “back-engineering” the local currency, since original papers often report in USD.

Below is a table of the PPP values used for this conversion. Full code for the “back-engineering” is available on this paper’s github repository (Brew 2017).

Dose standardization

Some papers reported costs per fully immunized person (ie, multiple doses), whereas others reported per dose. For the sake of comparability, all costs were converted to be per dose.

Data analysis

Point estimates and distributions

Having gathered and standardized item-specific vaccination programme costs, we estimate ranges for each item cost. Given the incompatibility of currency and percentage data, whenever possible we convert percentage data to 2016 USD, using available data to estimate overall cost. Additionally, since the range of estimates is high, we include distributions in all visualizations.

Geospatial determinants of vaccine cost

Having estimated the cost of vaccine implementation after standardization for time and currency, we can construct a continuous interpolated surface (raster) for vaccine cost. This allows us to generate country and region-specific estimates. We construct this surface through the use of a generalized additive model (GAM) using bivariate adaptive smoothing for the spatial (latitude and longitude) inputs. This method employs “basis penalties” to estimate the spatial effect on cost without overfitting to each country’s location, and is useful in estimating spatial effects with incomplete information (Wheeler and Siangphoe 2015, Li et al. (2012), Young et al. (2010), French (2004)).

The rationale for using a spatial model to estimate costs is two-fold. First, a spatial model has the advantage of capturing simply geopolitical, cultural and economic characteristics which are difficult to observe or quantify or would lead to such a wide-dimensioned model so as to be unstable. Second, a smoothed spatial model allows for generalizability to other locations within the range of the model’s training locations (ie, Sub-Saharan Africa).

Given that most studies are at the regional and national levels, country centroids are used for locations. Sub-national breakdowns are not taken into consideration.

Modeling

In addition to the country- and region-specific implementation costs estimation, we estimate the effect of macroeconomic factors (GDP per capita) on costs. Though GDP per capita is geospatially autocorrelated, we apply a flexible smoothing algorithm to location, whereas we carry out no smoothing for GDP. We include these determinants into a final generalized additive model, which will be applicable for cross-continent cost estimation.

Results

Item selection

The initial query returned 985 results. We read the abstracts of all 985 papers, and eliminated 850 due to any of the following reasons:

  • Geographic incompatibility (outside of sub-saharan Africa)
  • Temporal incompatibility (outside of the time range in question)
  • Subject matter irrelevance (non-human or animal vaccines, non-vaccines, opinion pieces, etc.)
  • Lack of quantitative costing information

All 985 “original” papers, prior to manual exclusion, can be obtained here.

The first elimination round left 135 articles for manual inspection. All were read, and a further 94 were eliminated because they lacked itemized cost information, cost information was not clear, or the items listed were not categorized in a way as to make comparable to the larger body of literature.

The below diagram shows the flow of article selection:

Selected studies

Below is a complete overview of all 41 studies that both matched the automated selection criteria and passed the manual filtering steps outlined above.

A full list is available in the appendix.

Item-specific vaccination implementation estimates

The number of articles reporting specific costs for each category of item costs can be visualized below.

What follows is a table of the same data

A total of 19 country combinations were included in the final dataset. Their distribution can be visualized below.

Below is a table of the same data.

What follows are charts showing the distribution of dose-specific costs (both in currency and extrapolated from percentages) for each of the 7 implementation categories. The vertical line shows the average cost.

Administration

The average administration cost per dose was close to $2 USD, with half of studies having an administration cost of less than $0.53.

### Equipment

The distribution of equipment costs observed in studies was distinctly bi-model. 6 of the 9 studies which reported equipment had a cost of less than $0.30 USD; the other 3 ranges from $0.73 to $3.43. The wide wariance may be explained due to different studies having different (unreported) definitions of what constitutes equipment.

### Human resources

Costs for human resources varied widely, but the distribution is distinctly left-skewed, with half of studies reporting human resources costs of less than $2.52. We can attribute to trial or non-routine expenditures the fact that several studies were such outliers; on the contrary, the two most expensive studies in terms of human resources where routine, non-introduction immunization campaigns, a fact which suggests that inclusion criteria for what constitutes “human resources costs” likely differed from study to study.

Sensitisation

Sensitisation costs were low across all studies. One outlier - an oral cholera vaccine campaign in urban Mozambique - reported particularly high costs, but 90% of studies reported sensitisation costs of $0.20 or less.

### Training

Training costs were low across all studies The highest training costs were associated with programs in which a new vaccine was introduced alongside another into an already existing national program.

### Transportation

We observed wide variance in transporation costs. Though half of studies had costs of less than $0.67 USD, several studies had costs of more than $1 USD (and in one case, nearly $20 USD). The cause for this variation is not clear.

### Wastage

Wastage costs varied widely per study. Those with the highest costs involved Hepatitis B or jet injection vaccinations.

The below table shows the same costs.

The below table is identical to the above, but using PPP-adjusted costs

Differences in cost estimations

Despite both quantitative and qualitative components to our analysis of which factors might account for the large differences in costs, we are unable to make conclusions in this area. Due to a lack of standardization in both (a) what is reported (some studies report all of the cost types we mention, others only a portion) and (b) how it is reported, studies are not directly comparable. Evidence for this exists in the below bar chart, showing the maximum cost for each expenditure type as a percentage of the minimum cost in the same category. Though some variance is to be expected, we suspect that much of the variance observed is not due to actual differences in cost, but rather due to differences in what is reported in each cost category.

Cost per dose by campaign type

In an effort to better understand the wide variance between costs, we examined the effect of campaign type. Surprisingly, we found that routine vaccination campaigns had higher reported costs than trial campaigns. We attribute this fact to the likely under-reporting and non-reporting of those costs which trials often consider “in-kind”. In other words, we suspect that those economists who costed “routine” programs were more likely to be thorough and comprehensive in accounting for all costs than those who costed introductory programs (who were more likely to focus more only on those costs which differed from the “routine” program).

We run the same estimations for PPP-adjusted costs to produce the below.

Admnisistrative cost per campaign type

An examination of the average administrative cost per campaign type adds evidence to the above hypothesis.

The below is the same data, but using PPP-adjusted costs.

Aggregate cost estimation

In order to estimate the average overall (non-vaccine) implementation cost per dose, we can run a Monte Carlo simulation. Performing 10,000 resamplings, we arrive at a distribution of the likely overall cost.

The below is the same visualization, using PPP-adjusted costs.

Temporal dimensions of vaccine cost

An examination of item-specific costs over time shows no apparent secular trend. Accordingly, temporal data is explicitly ignored by our model.

What follows is a table of the same data:

Geospatial determinants of vaccine cost

Not enough data on item-specific vaccine costs exist in the literature to form a model in which country itself is a stable predictor of cost. However, we can estimate geography’s general effect through generalized additive model.

Our model adjusts for item type, and uses a smoothed spatial surface to estimate the spatial effect of costs. The below map shows this effect, with the coloring of the surface reflecting the location-specific contribution to implementatoin cost in 2016 USD (per dose).

The below table shows model details.


Family: gaussian 
Link function: identity 

Formula:
cost ~ type + s(lng, lat, bs = "ad") + introduction

Parametric coefficients:
                    Estimate Std. Error t value   Pr(>|t|)    
(Intercept)           0.7411     0.3959   1.872     0.0624 .  
typeEquipment        -0.5064     0.7631  -0.664     0.5076    
typeHuman resources   2.5294     0.5692   4.444 0.00001332 ***
typeSensitisation    -0.8663     0.7206  -1.202     0.2304    
typeTraining         -0.9928     0.7178  -1.383     0.1679    
typeTransportation    0.9892     0.5269   1.877     0.0617 .  
typeWastage           0.8554     0.5632   1.519     0.1301    
introductionTRUE      1.9397     0.4133   4.693 0.00000445 ***
---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

Approximate significance of smooth terms:
              edf Ref.df     F  p-value    
te(lng,lat) 6.117   7.52 3.958 0.000359 ***
---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

R-sq.(adj) =  0.235   Deviance explained = 27.4%
GCV = 8.2107  Scale est. = 7.77      n = 263

Integration with external data

GDP per capita (scraped from the World Bank’s data archives) over time was gathered for all countries from which any study was selected (see below chart).

Data were paired for each country for the year in which the study was conducted. In the case of studies spanning multiple years, the year for which the currency value was reported in the study was used. The distribution of country-specific GDP per capita values for the final dataset can be visualized below.

Final model

The final model estimates the effect of both space (via smoothed latitude and longitude), weatlh (via GDP per capita), and programme type (routine vs. introduction) on the cost of non-vaccine immunisation programme costs. Estimation is carried out by modeling vaccine type, smoothed location, and GDP via a GAM.

The model’s coefficient estimates (excluding the smoothed bivariate spatial interpolation estimates, which are non-linear) are below.

Of note in the above table: the cost of introduction (as opposed to routine) vaccination campaigns is greater than $2 USD per dose. Human resources is the greatest expense, while both transportation and wastage also contribute significantly to overall cost.

Model details are below:


Family: gaussian 
Link function: identity 

Formula:
cost ~ type + s(lng, lat, bs = "ad") + gdp + introduction

Parametric coefficients:
                      Estimate Std. Error t value   Pr(>|t|)    
(Intercept)          1.1645960  0.5224688   2.229     0.0267 *  
typeEquipment       -0.3209313  0.7779637  -0.413     0.6803    
typeHuman resources  2.5875605  0.5711524   4.530 0.00000915 ***
typeSensitisation   -0.7549331  0.7256762  -1.040     0.2992    
typeTraining        -0.8496356  0.7269235  -1.169     0.2436    
typeTransportation   1.0075156  0.5270316   1.912     0.0571 .  
typeWastage          0.8658073  0.5630848   1.538     0.1254    
gdp                 -0.0006252  0.0005008  -1.248     0.2130    
introductionTRUE     1.8929938  0.4145608   4.566 0.00000782 ***
---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

Approximate significance of smooth terms:
              edf Ref.df    F  p-value    
te(lng,lat) 5.862  7.247 3.62 0.000963 ***
---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

R-sq.(adj) =  0.235   Deviance explained = 27.6%
GCV = 8.2379  Scale est. = 7.7723    n = 263

Ultimately, GDP was not found to be a significant predictor of program cost (p = 0.134). Accordingly, it was removed from the projections model.

Projections for all of Africa

We can also use our model to project costs per dose for each item onto every Sub-Saharan African country. The below projections assume an “introductory” (as opposed to “routine”) campaign, with 2015 GDP and in 2015 currency.

The below map shows overall (all-item) non-vaccine costs across Africa.

Discussion

Main findings

The principal contribution of this study is the generation of an estimate, based purely on costs in a similar context, of the non-vaccine immunisation programme implementation costs for the roll-out of a Malaria vaccine across Africa. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to attempt such a quantification.

Limitations

This study, and its results, are not without limitations. Chief among them is the small sample size from which estimates were modeled (and, by extension, the corresponding wide confidence intervals). Secondly, lack of comparability of cost types makes the itemizing of costs a somewhat futile exercise. Third, this study assumes that administration of the roll-out of a malaria vaccine will be similar to that of other vaccines (a possible, but by no means certain, scenario). Fourth, we do not delve into dosage, age, or coverage issues. Finally, this study is narrow in scope, only looking at vaccine studies in Africa, and ignoring other areas where Malaria is endemic (Southeast Asia, Central and South America, etc.).

Further research

Further research is needed, particularly into those factors which determine vaccine programme cost. A particular challenge, and one encountered in this study at multiple points, is the lack of standardisation (and by extension, comparability) among studies.

For example, whereas in some studies “administration” included personnel (ie, “human resources” costs), others did not. Some studies published wages and salaries, but not the amount of person-time allocated to the programme. The distinction between fixed and variable costs appeared in fewer than half of studies, and many studies made no mention of whether or how they attempted to quantify “in-kind” costs.

To address this issue, we propose to devise and publish (as a separate paper) a “template” of best practices for reporting vaccine cost studies.

Details

This work was carried out by Elisa Sicuri and Joe Brew, in collaboration with GSK. A debt of gratitude is owed to Celine Aerts, who helped with data collection.

All analysis was carried out in the R programming language in R version 3.4.2 (2017-09-28) on a x86_64, linux-gnu system.

Appendix

Final selected papers

Title Year Affiliation All authors Url
The cost of integrating hepatitis B virus vaccine into national immunization programmes: a case study from Addis Ababa. 2000 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK. jedmunds@phls.nhs.uk W Edmunds, A Dejene, Y Mekonnen, M Haile, W Alemnu, D Nokes http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=11124244
Comparison of cost-effectiveness of preventive and reactive mass immunization campaigns against meningococcal meningitis in West Africa: a theoretical modeling analysis. 2001 Association pour l’Aide à la Médecine Préventive, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Cedex 15, Paris, France. iparent@compuserve.com I Parent du Châtelet, B D Gessner, A da Silva http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=11348706
[Vaccination against viral hepatitis B for public health personnel: the case of the National Fund of Social Security]. 2002 Polyclinique El Khadra CNSS, Tunis, Tunisie. N Saadallah, N Jaoua, A Ben Hamida, T Najjar, B Zouari http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=11892442
Cost-effectiveness of three different vaccination strategies against measles in Zambian children. 2003 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Immunization Program, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. gdayan@cdc.gov Gustavo H Dayan, Lisa Cairns, Nalinee Sangrujee, Anne Mtonga, Van Nguyen, Peter Strebel http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=14670330
Impact of mass measles campaigns among children less than 5 years old in Uganda. 2003 Uganda Virus Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Entebbe, Uganda. mnanyunja@who.imul.com Miriam Nanyunja, Rosamund F Lewis, Issa Makumbi, Rachel Seruyange, Eva Kabwongera, Possy Mugyenyi, Ambrose Talisuna http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=12721893
Economic analysis of the 1996-1997 mass measles immunization campaigns in South Africa. 2004 Global Immunization Division, National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. auzicanin@cdc.gov Amra Uzicanin, Fangjun Zhou, Rudi Eggers, Elize Webb, Peter Strebel http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=15308367
[Microeconomic evaluation of a mass preventive immunisation campaign against meningococcal meningitis and yellow fever in Senegal in 1997]. 2004 Association pour l’aide à la médecine préventive, 25, rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France. aldasilva@compuserve.com Alfred da Silva, Isabelle Parent du Châtelet, Abou Beckr Gaye, Jean-Pierre Dompnier, Ibrahima Seck http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=15047438
Feasibility of a mass vaccination campaign using a two-dose oral cholera vaccine in an urban cholera-endemic setting in Mozambique. 2005 Epicentre, Paris, France. philippe.cavailler@epicentre.msf.org Philippe Cavailler, Marcelino Lucas, Valerie Perroud, Margaret McChesney, Sonia Ampuero, Philippe J Guérin, Dominique Legros, Thomas Nierle, Claude Mahoudeau, Bruno Lab, Pierre Kahozi, Jacqueline L Deen, Lorenz von Seidlein, Xuan-Yi Wang, Mahesh Puri, Mohammad Ali, John D Clemens, Francisco Songane, Alberto Baptista, Fauzia Ismael, Avertino Barreto, Claire-Lise Chaignat http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=S0264-410X(05)01042-X
Review of the cost effectiveness of immunisation strategies for the control of epidemic meningococcal meningitis. 2005 Division on International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty Internatonal Center, National Institutes of Health, Building 16, 16 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-6705, USA. millermark@nih.gov Mark A Miller, Cathryn K Shahab http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=2344
The cost-effectiveness of introducing hepatitis B vaccine into infant immunization services in Mozambique. 2005 Department of Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Griffithsu@who.int Ulla K Griffiths, Guy Hutton, Eva Das Dores Pascoal http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=20/1/50
Predicting the cost-effectiveness of introducing a pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine into the expanded program on immunization in Tanzania. 2006 Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland. fabrizio.tediosi@unibas.ch Fabrizio Tediosi, Guy Hutton, Nicolas Maire, Thomas A Smith, Amanda Ross, Marcel Tanner http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=75/2_suppl/131
The costs of introducing a malaria vaccine through the expanded program on immunization in Tanzania. 2006 Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland. guy.hutton@unibas.ch Guy Hutton, Fabrizio Tediosi http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=75/2_suppl/119
Economic evaluation of hepatitis B vaccination in low-income countries: using cost-effectiveness affordability curves. 2007 Program in Health Decision Science, Health Policy and Management Department, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Sun-Young Kim, Joshua A Salomon, Sue J Goldie http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=S0042-96862007001100009
Economic evaluation of delivering Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine in routine immunization services in Kenya. 2007 Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Wellcome Trust. Nairobi, Kenya. Angela Oloo Akumu, Mike English, J Anthony G Scott, Ulla K Griffiths http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=S0042-96862007000700008
An economic evaluation of thermostable vaccines in Cambodia, Ghana and Bangladesh. 2007 ann@levinmorgan.com Ann Levin, Carol Levin, Debra Kristensen, Dipika Matthias http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=S0264-410X(07)00758-X
Incremental system costs of introducing combined DTwP-hepatitis B-Hib vaccine into national immunization services in Ethiopia. 2009 Hib Initiative, Health Policy Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom. ulla.griffiths@lshtm.ac.uk Ulla K Griffiths, Viola S Korczak, Dereje Ayalew, Asnakew Yigzaw http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=S0264-410X(08)01762-3
Incremental costs of introducing jet injection technology for delivery of routine childhood vaccinations: comparative analysis from Brazil, India, and South Africa. 2010 London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK. ulla.griffiths@lshtm.ac.uk Ulla K Griffiths, Andreia C Santos, Neeti Nundy, Erica Jacoby, Dipika Matthias http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=S0264-410X(10)01672-5
Economic evaluation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in The Gambia. 2010 Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Center for Health Decision Science, Boston, MA, USA. sykim@hsph.harvard.edu Sun-Young Kim, Gene Lee, Sue J Goldie http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=1471-2334-10-260
The cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in Malawi. 2010 Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA. sberry8@jhmi.edu Stephen A Berry, Benjamin Johns, Chuck Shih, Andrea A Berry, Damian G Walker http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=10.1086/653578
Cost-effectiveness of the introduction of a pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine into the expanded program on immunization in sub-Saharan Africa: analysis of uncertainties using a stochastic individual-based simulation model of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. 2011 Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland. Nicolas Maire, Samuel D Shillcutt, Damian G Walker, Fabrizio Tediosi, Thomas A Smith http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=S1098-3015(11)01526-9
Cost-effectiveness analysis of an additional birth dose of Hepatitis B vaccine to prevent perinatal transmission in a medical setting in Mozambique. 2012 London School of Economics and Political Science, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom. Corinna.Klingler@med.uni-muenchen.de Corinna Klingler, Andrea I Thoumi, Vinod S Mrithinjayam http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=S0264-410X(12)01173-5
Evaluation of cost-effectiveness of live oral pentavalent reassortant rotavirus vaccine introduction in Ghana. 2012 Departments of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Molecular Biology and Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States. Collette Abbott, Benjamin Tiede, George Armah, Adel Mahmoud http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=S0264-410X(12)00114-4
Delivery cost of human papillomavirus vaccination of young adolescent girls in Peru, Uganda and Viet Nam. 2013 Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA. clevin@uw.edu Carol E Levin, Hoang Van Minh, John Odaga, Swampa Sarit Rout, Diep Nguyen Thi Ngoc, Lysander Menezes, Maria Ana Mendoza Araujo, D Scott LaMontagne http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=10.2471/BLT.12.113837
The benefits of redesigning Benin’s vaccine supply chain. 2014 Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC), Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Shawn T Brown, Benjamin Schreiber, Brigid E Cakouros, Angela R Wateska, Hamadou M Dicko, Diana L Connor, Philippe Jaillard, Mercy Mvundura, Bryan A Norman, Carol Levin, Jayant Rajgopal, Mélanie Avella, Caroline Lebrun, Erin Claypool, Proma Paul, Bruce Y Lee http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=24814550
Economic benefits of keeping vaccines at ambient temperature during mass vaccination: the case of meningitis A vaccine in Chad. 2014 Expanded Programme on Immunization Plus, World Health Organization, avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland . Patrick Lydon, Simona Zipursky, Carole Tevi-Benissan, Mamoudou Harouna Djingarey, Placide Gbedonou, Brahim Oumar Youssouf, Michel Zaffran http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=10.2471/BLT.13.123471
Cost-effectiveness of a potential group B streptococcal vaccine program for pregnant women in South Africa. 2014 Division of Management, Policy and Community Health, University of Texas School of Public Health, San Antonio, TX, USA. Electronic address: Sun-Young.Kim@uth.tmc.edu. Sun-Young Kim, Louise B Russell, Jeehyun Park, Jennifer R Verani, Shabir A Madhi, Clare L Cutland, Stephanie J Schrag, Anushua Sinha http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=24530145
Mass vaccination with a new, less expensive oral cholera vaccine using public health infrastructure in India: the Odisha model. 2014 Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Shantanu K Kar, Binod Sah, Bikash Patnaik, Yang Hee Kim, Anna S Kerketta, Sunheang Shin, Shyam Bandhu Rath, Mohammad Ali, Vittal Mogasale, Hemant K Khuntia, Anuj Bhattachan, Young Ae You, Mahesh K Puri, Anna Lena Lopez, Brian Maskery, Gopinath B Nair, John D Clemens, Thomas F Wierzba http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=10.1371/journal.pntd.0002629
Costs of vaccine delivery in the Gambia before and after, pentavalent and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introductions. 2014 MRC, Gambia Unit, The Gambia; Gambia Government, The Gambia; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK. Electronic address: effuau@gmail.com. E Usuf, G Mackenzie, Y Lowe-Jallow, B Boye, D Atherly, C Suraratdecha, U K Griffiths http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=24503271
Potential cost-effectiveness of a new infant tuberculosis vaccine in South Africa–implications for clinical trials: a decision analysis. 2014 Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Montreal Chest Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Jared B Ditkowsky, Kevin Schwartzman http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=10.1371/journal.pone.0083526
What have we learned on costs and financing of routine immunization from the comprehensive multi-year plans in GAVI eligible countries? 2015 Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Vaccine Delivery, 4929 Chevy Chase Blvd, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States. Electronic address: logan.brenzel@gatesfoundation.org. Logan Brenzel http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=S0264-410X(15)00022-5
Mapping financial flows for immunisation in Uganda 2009/10 and 2010/11: New insights for methodologies and policy. 2015 Centre for Economic Governance and AIDS in Africa (CEGAA), Cape Town, South Africa. Electronic address: guthriehealthfinancingconsult@gmail.com. Teresa Guthrie, Charlotte Zikusooka, Brendan Kwesiga, Christabel Abewe, Stephen Lagony, Carl Schutte, Edmore Marinda, Kerrin Humphreys, Katlego Motlogelwa, Zipozihle Chuma Nombewu, Logan Brenzel, Anthony Kinghorn http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=S0264-410X(14)01708-3
Determinants of routine immunization costing in Benin and Ghana in 2011. 2015 Agence de Médecine Préventive (AMP), Ferney-Voltaire, France. Césaire Damien Ahanhanzo, Xiao Xian Huang, Jean-Bernard Le Gargasson, Justin Sossou, Frank Nyonator, Anais Colombini, Bradford D Gessner http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=S0264-410X(14)01724-1
Cost analysis of routine immunisation in Zambia. 2015 Strategic Development Consultants, South Africa. Electronic address: carl.schutte@sdc.co.za. Carl Schütte, Collins Chansa, Edmore Marinda, Teresa A Guthrie, Stanley Banda, Zipozihle Nombewu, Katlego Motlogelwa, Marita Lervik, Logan Brenzel, Anthony Kinghorn http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=S0264-410X(14)01693-4
Costs of routine immunization and the introduction of new and underutilized vaccines in Ghana. 2015 Agence de Médecine Préventive, Paris, France. Electronic address: jblegargasson@aamp.org. Jean-Bernard Le Gargasson, Frank K Nyonator, Moses Adibo, Bradford D Gessner, Anaïs Colombini http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=S0264-410X(15)00030-4
Cost-effectiveness analysis of the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13) in the Egyptian national immunization program, 2013. 2015 Expanded Program on Immunization, Ministry of Health, Egypt. Electronic address: sibakmohammed@gmail.com. Mohammed Sibak, Ibrahim Moussa, Nasr El-Tantawy, Shaza Badr, Irtaza Chaudhri, Essam Allam, Louise Baxter, Saiyed Abo Freikha, Céline Hoestlandt, Carlos Lara, Rana Hajjeh, Aline Munier http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=S0264-410X(14)01697-1
Cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in Kenya and Uganda. 2015 P.O. Box 293-20203, Londiani, Kenya. Charles Sigei, John Odaga, Mercy Mvundura, Yvette Madrid, Andrew David Clark, Dominic Mutie, Peter Kamau, Amina Ishmael Mungai, Terry Watiri, Zipporah Gatheru, Joyce Charo, Bonface Osano, Bakari Mwinyi, Rose Kamenwa, J Nyangoa, Kennedy Chitala, Charles Muitherero, Nancy Koskei, Tom Omurwa, Peninah Murunga, Robert Mayanja, Hellen Aanyu, David Mugisha, Augustine Mulindwa, Esther Nalumansi, Annet Kisakye, Luzze Henry, Peter Lochoro, Josephine Bwogi, Aliyi Walimbwa, Edward Robinson, Jolly Ruhambarama http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=S0264-410X(15)00027-4
One size does not fit all: The impact of primary vaccine container size on vaccine distribution and delivery. 2015 Public Health Computational and Operations Research (PHICOR), Pittsburgh PA (formerly) and Baltimore MD (currently), United States; Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC), Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States. Leila A Haidari, Brian Wahl, Shawn T Brown, Lois Privor-Dumm, Cecily Wallman-Stokes, Katie Gorham, Diana L Connor, Angela R Wateska, Benjamin Schreiber, Hamadou Dicko, Philippe Jaillard, Melanie Avella, Bruce Y Lee http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=25889160
Economic evaluation of typhoid vaccination in a prolonged typhoid outbreak setting: the case of Kasese district in Uganda. 2015 Office of Science and Integrated Programs, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; IHRC Inc, Atlanta, GA, United States. Electronic address: vnn9@cdc.gov. Cristina Carias, Maroya Spalding Walters, Edward Wefula, Kashmira A Date, David L Swerdlow, Maya Vijayaraghavan, Eric Mintz http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=25712333
The costs of delivering human papillomavirus vaccination to Grade 4 learners in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 2016 Health Outcomes Research Unit, Discipline of Public Health Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. moodleyi15@ukzn.ac.za. Indres Moodley, Nerisha Tathiah, Ben Sartorius http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=27138671
Projected economic evaluation of the national implementation of a hypothetical HIV vaccination program among adolescents in South Africa, 2012. 2016 Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand, PO Box 114, Diepkloof 1864, Johannesburg, South Africa. nishila.moodley@gmail.com. Nishila Moodley, Glenda Gray, Melanie Bertram http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=10.1186/s12889-016-2959-3
The Case for Adolescent HIV Vaccination in South Africa: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. 2016 From the Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (NM, GG); South African HVTN AIDS Vaccine Early Stage Investigator Program (SHAPe) (NM); The South African Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation (DST/NRF), Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa (NM); and Health Systems Governance and Finance, World Health Organization, Geneva (MB). Nishila Moodley, Glenda Gray, Melanie Bertram http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=10.1097/MD.0000000000002528

Raw itemized data

DISEASE DOSES TYPE SOURCE LINK YEAR COUNTRY COST COUNTRY NAME GDP TRIAL INTRODUCTION CURRENCY EXCHANGE_RATE NEW_COUNTRY PPP PPP_ADJUSTMENT COST_PPP
MULTIPLE 1 Wastage An economic evaluation of thermostable vaccines in Cambodia, Ghana and Bangladesh. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X0700758X 2002 Multiple 0.4062127 NA 411.9591 FALSE FALSE USD 1.0000000 United States 1.0000000 1.000000 0.4062127
MULTIPLE 1 Transportation An economic evaluation of thermostable vaccines in Cambodia, Ghana and Bangladesh. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X0700758X 2002 Ghana 0.0401940 Ghana 311.6168 FALSE FALSE GHS 0.9312843 Ghana 0.1276647 7.294769 0.0055100
MULTIPLE 1 Transportation An economic evaluation of thermostable vaccines in Cambodia, Ghana and Bangladesh. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X0700758X 2002 Ghana 0.1205820 Ghana 311.6168 FALSE FALSE GHS 0.9312843 Ghana 0.1276647 7.294769 0.0165299
MEASLES 1 Wastage An economic evaluation of thermostable vaccines in Cambodia, Ghana and Bangladesh. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X0700758X 2002 Ghana 6.4994026 Ghana 311.6168 FALSE FALSE GHS 0.9312843 Ghana 0.1276647 7.294769 0.8909675
MEASLES 1 Wastage An economic evaluation of thermostable vaccines in Cambodia, Ghana and Bangladesh. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X0700758X 2002 Ghana 5.0776583 Ghana 311.6168 FALSE FALSE GHS 0.9312843 Ghana 0.1276647 7.294769 0.6960684
MULTIPLE 1 Human resources Cost analysis of routine immunisation in Zambia http://www.sciencedirect.com.sire.ub.edu/science/article/pii/S0264410X14016934 2011 Zambia 12.3691756 Zambia 1635.5473 FALSE FALSE ZMW 5.3974108 Zambia 2.3783803 2.269364 5.4505031
MULTIPLE 1 Equipment Cost analysis of routine immunisation in Zambia http://www.sciencedirect.com.sire.ub.edu/science/article/pii/S0264410X14016934 2011 Zambia 3.4324970 Zambia 1635.5473 FALSE FALSE ZMW 5.3974108 Zambia 2.3783803 2.269364 1.5125370
MULTIPLE 1 Administration Cost analysis of routine immunisation in Zambia http://www.sciencedirect.com.sire.ub.edu/science/article/pii/S0264410X14016934 2011 Zambia 0.6702509 Zambia 1635.5473 FALSE FALSE ZMW 5.3974108 Zambia 2.3783803 2.269364 0.2953475
MULTIPLE 1 Transportation Cost analysis of routine immunisation in Zambia http://www.sciencedirect.com.sire.ub.edu/science/article/pii/S0264410X14016934 2011 Zambia 1.4826762 Zambia 1635.5473 FALSE FALSE ZMW 5.3974108 Zambia 2.3783803 2.269364 0.6533444
HEPATITIS B 1 Transportation Cost-effectiveness analysis of an additional birth dose of Hepatitis B vaccine to prevent perinatal transmission in a medical setting in Mozambique. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X12011735 2008 Mozambique 0.4142150 Mozambique 499.8871 FALSE FALSE MZN 24.1367352 Mozambique 14.8415955 1.626290 0.2546994
HEPATITIS B 1 Sensitisation Cost-effectiveness analysis of an additional birth dose of Hepatitis B vaccine to prevent perinatal transmission in a medical setting in Mozambique. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X12011735 2008 Mozambique 0.0506574 Mozambique 499.8871 FALSE FALSE MZN 24.1367352 Mozambique 14.8415955 1.626290 0.0311490
HEPATITIS B 1 Training Cost-effectiveness analysis of an additional birth dose of Hepatitis B vaccine to prevent perinatal transmission in a medical setting in Mozambique. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X12011735 2008 Mozambique 0.3315511 Mozambique 499.8871 FALSE FALSE MZN 24.1367352 Mozambique 14.8415955 1.626290 0.2038696
PNEUMOCOCCAL 1 Administration Cost-effectiveness analysis of the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13) in the Egyptian national immunization program, 2013 http://www.sciencedirect.com.sire.ub.edu/science/article/pii/S0264410X14016971 2013 Egypt 0.6093190 NA 882.6386 FALSE TRUE EGP 6.8362274 Egypt, Arab Rep. 2.0234302 3.378534 0.1803501
PNEUMOCOCCAL 1 Administration Cost-effectiveness analysis of the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13) in the Egyptian national immunization program, 2013 http://www.sciencedirect.com.sire.ub.edu/science/article/pii/S0264410X14016971 2013 Egypt 0.4062127 NA 882.6386 FALSE TRUE EGP 6.8362274 Egypt, Arab Rep. 2.0234302 3.378534 0.1202334
PNEUMOCOCCAL 1 Wastage Cost-effectiveness analysis of the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13) in the Egyptian national immunization program, 2013 http://www.sciencedirect.com.sire.ub.edu/science/article/pii/S0264410X14016971 2013 Egypt 1.0155317 NA 882.6386 FALSE TRUE EGP 6.8362274 Egypt, Arab Rep. 2.0234302 3.378534 0.3005835
GROUP B STREPTOCOCCUS 1 Wastage Cost-effectiveness of a potential group B streptococcal vaccine program for pregnant women in South Africa http://www.sciencedirect.com.sire.ub.edu/science/article/pii/S0264410X14001145 2010 South africa 1.0155317 NA 732.9536 FALSE FALSE ZAR 7.3181060 South Africa 4.5737362 1.600028 0.6346962
GROUP B STREPTOCOCCUS 1 Administration Cost-effectiveness of a potential group B streptococcal vaccine program for pregnant women in South Africa http://www.sciencedirect.com.sire.ub.edu/science/article/pii/S0264410X14001145 2010 South africa 6.2897260 NA 732.9536 FALSE FALSE ZAR 7.3181060 South Africa 4.5737362 1.600028 3.9310099
ROTAVIRUS 1 Transportation Cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in Kenya and Uganda http://www.sciencedirect.com.sire.ub.edu/science/article/pii/S0264410X15000274 2000 Kenya and uganda 0.6093190 NA 369.7009 FALSE FALSE KES 76.1825683 Kenya 18.2096097 4.183646 0.1456430
ROTAVIRUS 1 Administration Cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in Kenya and Uganda http://www.sciencedirect.com.sire.ub.edu/science/article/pii/S0264410X15000274 2000 Kenya and uganda 0.4062127 NA 369.7009 FALSE FALSE KES 76.1825683 Kenya 18.2096097 4.183646 0.0970954
ROTAVIRUS 1 Wastage Cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in Kenya and Uganda http://www.sciencedirect.com.sire.ub.edu/science/article/pii/S0264410X15000274 2000 Kenya and uganda 1.0155317 NA 369.7009 FALSE FALSE KES 76.1825683 Kenya 18.2096097 4.183646 0.2427384
ROTAVIRUS 1 Administration Cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in Kenya and Uganda http://www.sciencedirect.com.sire.ub.edu/science/article/pii/S0264410X15000274 2000 Kenya and uganda 0.5319240 NA 369.7009 FALSE FALSE KES 76.1825683 Kenya 18.2096097 4.183646 0.1271436
MALARIA 1 Training Cost-effectiveness of the introduction of a pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine into the expanded program on immunization in sub-Saharan Africa: analysis of uncertainties using a stochastic individual-based simulation model of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22152171 2008 Multiple 0.0335850 NA 794.8702 FALSE TRUE USD 1.0000000 United States 1.0000000 1.000000 0.0335850
MALARIA 1 Administration Cost-effectiveness of the introduction of a pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine into the expanded program on immunization in sub-Saharan Africa: analysis of uncertainties using a stochastic individual-based simulation model of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22152171 2008 Multiple 0.2239000 NA 794.8702 FALSE TRUE USD 1.0000000 United States 1.0000000 1.000000 0.2239000
MALARIA 1 Transportation Cost-effectiveness of the introduction of a pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine into the expanded program on immunization in sub-Saharan Africa: analysis of uncertainties using a stochastic individual-based simulation model of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22152171 2008 Multiple 0.1231450 NA 794.8702 FALSE TRUE USD 1.0000000 United States 1.0000000 1.000000 0.1231450
MEASLES 1 Wastage Cost-effectiveness of three different vaccination strategies against measles in Zambian children http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X03005851 2000 Zambia 0.6499403 Zambia 340.1614 FALSE FALSE ZMW 5.3974108 Zambia 0.6380766 8.458877 0.0768353
MEASLES 1 Transportation Cost-effectiveness of three different vaccination strategies against measles in Zambian children http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X03005851 2000 Zambia 0.0335952 Zambia 340.1614 FALSE FALSE ZMW 5.3974108 Zambia 0.6380766 8.458877 0.0039716
MEASLES 1 Equipment Cost-effectiveness of three different vaccination strategies against measles in Zambian children http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X03005851 2000 Zambia 0.1777746 Zambia 340.1614 FALSE FALSE ZMW 5.3974108 Zambia 0.6380766 8.458877 0.0210163
MEASLES 1 Training Cost-effectiveness of three different vaccination strategies against measles in Zambian children http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X03005851 2000 Zambia 0.0335952 Zambia 340.1614 FALSE FALSE ZMW 5.3974108 Zambia 0.6380766 8.458877 0.0039716
MEASLES 1 Sensitisation Cost-effectiveness of three different vaccination strategies against measles in Zambian children http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X03005851 2000 Zambia 0.1021854 Zambia 340.1614 FALSE FALSE ZMW 5.3974108 Zambia 0.6380766 8.458877 0.0120803
MEASLES 1 Human resources Cost-effectiveness of three different vaccination strategies against measles in Zambian children http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X03005851 2000 Zambia 0.1119840 Zambia 340.1614 FALSE FALSE ZMW 5.3974108 Zambia 0.6380766 8.458877 0.0132386
MULTIPLE 1 Human resources Costs of routine immunization and the introduction of new and underutilized vaccines in Ghana http://www.sciencedirect.com.sire.ub.edu/science/article/pii/S0264410X15000304 2011 Ghana 17.8733572 Ghana 1587.1909 FALSE TRUE GHS 1.9404351 Ghana 0.6993923 2.774459 6.4421058
MULTIPLE 1 Transportation Costs of routine immunization and the introduction of new and underutilized vaccines in Ghana http://www.sciencedirect.com.sire.ub.edu/science/article/pii/S0264410X15000304 2011 Ghana 1.6248507 Ghana 1587.1909 FALSE TRUE GHS 1.9404351 Ghana 0.6993923 2.774459 0.5856460
PNEUMOCOCCAL 1 Human resources Costs of vaccine delivery in the Gambia before and after, pentavalent and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introductions http://www.sciencedirect.com.sire.ub.edu/science/article/pii/S0264410X14000826 2009 Gambia 2.8087500 NA 768.0135 FALSE TRUE GMD 26.0604499 Gambia, The 9.4259063 2.764769 1.0159078
PNEUMOCOCCAL 1 Transportation Costs of vaccine delivery in the Gambia before and after, pentavalent and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introductions http://www.sciencedirect.com.sire.ub.edu/science/article/pii/S0264410X14000826 2009 Gambia 0.8313900 NA 768.0135 FALSE TRUE GMD 26.0604499 Gambia, The 9.4259063 2.764769 0.3007087
PNEUMOCOCCAL 1 Transportation Costs of vaccine delivery in the Gambia before and after, pentavalent and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introductions http://www.sciencedirect.com.sire.ub.edu/science/article/pii/S0264410X14000826 2009 Gambia 0.7302750 NA 768.0135 FALSE TRUE GMD 26.0604499 Gambia, The 9.4259063 2.764769 0.2641360
PNEUMOCOCCAL 1 Wastage Costs of vaccine delivery in the Gambia before and after, pentavalent and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introductions http://www.sciencedirect.com.sire.ub.edu/science/article/pii/S0264410X14000826 2009 Gambia 0.2921100 NA 768.0135 FALSE TRUE GMD 26.0604499 Gambia, The 9.4259063 2.764769 0.1056544
PNEUMOCOCCAL 1 Training Costs of vaccine delivery in the Gambia before and after, pentavalent and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introductions http://www.sciencedirect.com.sire.ub.edu/science/article/pii/S0264410X14000826 2009 Gambia 0.1685250 NA 768.0135 FALSE TRUE GMD 26.0604499 Gambia, The 9.4259063 2.764769 0.0609545
PNEUMOCOCCAL 1 Equipment Costs of vaccine delivery in the Gambia before and after, pentavalent and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introductions http://www.sciencedirect.com.sire.ub.edu/science/article/pii/S0264410X14000826 2009 Gambia 0.2808750 NA 768.0135 FALSE TRUE GMD 26.0604499 Gambia, The 9.4259063 2.764769 0.1015908
PNEUMOCOCCAL 1 Administration Costs of vaccine delivery in the Gambia before and after, pentavalent and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introductions http://www.sciencedirect.com.sire.ub.edu/science/article/pii/S0264410X14000826 2009 Gambia 0.0561750 NA 768.0135 FALSE TRUE GMD 26.0604499 Gambia, The 9.4259063 2.764769 0.0203182
HPV 1 Transportation Delivery cost of human papillomavirus vaccination of young adolescent girls in Peru, Uganda and Viet Nam http://www.rho.org/files/PATH-WHO-Bulletin-HPV-vac-delivery-costs-appendices-2012.pdf 2009 Uganda 0.3033450 Uganda 557.5236 FALSE FALSE UGX 2028.4887123 Uganda 733.5983764 2.765122 0.1097040
HPV 1 Administration Delivery cost of human papillomavirus vaccination of young adolescent girls in Peru, Uganda and Viet Nam http://www.rho.org/files/PATH-WHO-Bulletin-HPV-vac-delivery-costs-appendices-2012.pdf 2009 Uganda 0.4494000 Uganda 557.5236 FALSE FALSE UGX 2028.4887123 Uganda 733.5983764 2.765122 0.1625245
MULTIPLE 1 Human resources Determinants of routine immunization costing in Benin and Ghana in 2011 http://www.sciencedirect.com.sire.ub.edu/science/article/pii/S0264410X14017241 2000 Ghana and benin 0.1035842 NA 369.7009 FALSE FALSE GHS 0.9312843 Ghana 0.0800684 11.631106 0.0089058
MEASLES 1 Wastage Economic analysis of the 1996-1997 mass measles immunization campaigns in South Africa. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X04002166 1996 South africa 6.0931900 NA 382.2855 FALSE FALSE ZAR 4.3048224 South Africa 2.1555965 1.997045 3.0511036
MEASLES 1 Wastage Economic analysis of the 1996-1997 mass measles immunization campaigns in South Africa. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X04002166 1997 South africa 8.1242533 NA 356.5782 FALSE FALSE ZAR 4.6099967 South Africa 2.2885979 2.014332 4.0332239
MEASLES 1 Administration Economic analysis of the 1996-1997 mass measles immunization campaigns in South Africa. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X04002166 1996 South africa 0.2458080 NA 382.2855 FALSE FALSE ZAR 4.3048224 South Africa 2.1555965 1.997045 0.1230859
MEASLES 1 Sensitisation Economic analysis of the 1996-1997 mass measles immunization campaigns in South Africa. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X04002166 1996 South africa 0.0089105 NA 382.2855 FALSE FALSE ZAR 4.3048224 South Africa 2.1555965 1.997045 0.0044619
MENINGITIS 1 Transportation Economic benefits of keeping vaccines at ambient temperature during mass vaccination: the case of meningitis A vaccine in Chad. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=10.2471/BLT.13.123471 2011 Chad 8.7335723 Chad 988.4432 FALSE FALSE XAF 462.2431728 Chad 250.4430106 1.845702 4.7318430
MENINGITIS 1 Transportation Economic benefits of keeping vaccines at ambient temperature during mass vaccination: the case of meningitis A vaccine in Chad. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=10.2471/BLT.13.123471 2011 Chad 4.0621266 Chad 988.4432 FALSE FALSE XAF 462.2431728 Chad 250.4430106 1.845702 2.2008572
MENINGITIS 1 Human resources Economic benefits of keeping vaccines at ambient temperature during mass vaccination: the case of meningitis A vaccine in Chad. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=10.2471/BLT.13.123471 2011 Chad 7.5149343 Chad 988.4432 FALSE FALSE XAF 462.2431728 Chad 250.4430106 1.845702 4.0715859
HEPATITIS B 1 Administration Economic evaluation of hepatitis B vaccination in low-income countries: using cost-effectiveness affordability curves. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2636252/ 2002 Multiple 0.8440740 NA 411.9591 FALSE FALSE USD 1.0000000 United States 1.0000000 1.000000 0.8440740
HEPATITIS B 1 Transportation Economic evaluation of hepatitis B vaccination in low-income countries: using cost-effectiveness affordability curves. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2636252/ 2002 Multiple 0.4153380 NA 411.9591 FALSE FALSE USD 1.0000000 United States 1.0000000 1.000000 0.4153380
HEPATITIS B 1 Wastage Economic evaluation of hepatitis B vaccination in low-income countries: using cost-effectiveness affordability curves. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2636252/ 2002 Multiple 5.2807646 NA 411.9591 FALSE FALSE USD 1.0000000 United States 1.0000000 1.000000 5.2807646
PNEUMOCOCCAL 1 Wastage Economic evaluation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in The Gambia https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2944347/ 2005 Gambia 2.0310633 NA 587.0802 FALSE FALSE GMD 27.8204082 Gambia, The 8.9834241 3.096860 0.6558460
PNEUMOCOCCAL 1 Administration Economic evaluation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in The Gambia https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2944347/ 2005 Gambia 0.4196280 NA 587.0802 FALSE FALSE GMD 27.8204082 Gambia, The 8.9834241 3.096860 0.1355011
TYPHOID 1 Administration Economic evaluation of typhoid vaccination in a prolonged typhoid outbreak setting: The case of Kasese district in Uganda http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=25712333 2014 Uganda 0.1527300 Uganda 714.5674 FALSE FALSE UGX 2600.9228493 Uganda 1036.4077535 2.509556 0.0608594
MENINGITIS 163981 Human resources Évaluation des coûts opérationnels d‘une campagne de masse préventive contre la méningite à méningocoque et la fièvre jaune au Sénégal, en 1997 http://www.jle.com/fr/revues/san/e-docs/evaluation_des_couts_operationnels_dune_campagne_de_masse_preventive_contre_la_meningite_a_meningocoque_et_la_fievre_jaune__262850/article.phtml?tab=texte 1999 Senegal 0.0046708 Senegal 534.8552 FALSE FALSE XOF 615.7731014 Senegal 223.6588854 2.753180 0.0016965
MENINGITIS 163981 Administration Évaluation des coûts opérationnels d‘une campagne de masse préventive contre la méningite à méningocoque et la fièvre jaune au Sénégal, en 1997 http://www.jle.com/fr/revues/san/e-docs/evaluation_des_couts_operationnels_dune_campagne_de_masse_preventive_contre_la_meningite_a_meningocoque_et_la_fievre_jaune__262850/article.phtml?tab=texte 1999 Senegal 0.1322466 Senegal 534.8552 FALSE FALSE XOF 615.7731014 Senegal 223.6588854 2.753180 0.0480342
MENINGITIS 163981 Transportation Évaluation des coûts opérationnels d‘une campagne de masse préventive contre la méningite à méningocoque et la fièvre jaune au Sénégal, en 1997 http://www.jle.com/fr/revues/san/e-docs/evaluation_des_couts_operationnels_dune_campagne_de_masse_preventive_contre_la_meningite_a_meningocoque_et_la_fievre_jaune__262850/article.phtml?tab=texte 1999 Senegal 0.0195895 Senegal 534.8552 FALSE FALSE XOF 615.7731014 Senegal 223.6588854 2.753180 0.0071152
MENINGITIS 163981 Human resources Évaluation des coûts opérationnels d‘une campagne de masse préventive contre la méningite à méningocoque et la fièvre jaune au Sénégal, en 1997 http://www.jle.com/fr/revues/san/e-docs/evaluation_des_couts_operationnels_dune_campagne_de_masse_preventive_contre_la_meningite_a_meningocoque_et_la_fievre_jaune__262850/article.phtml?tab=texte 1999 Senegal 0.0182147 Senegal 534.8552 FALSE FALSE XOF 615.7731014 Senegal 223.6588854 2.753180 0.0066159
ROTAVIRUS 1 Administration Evaluation of cost-effectiveness of live oral pentavalent reassortant rotavirus vaccine introduction in Ghana. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X12001144 2009 Ghana 0.3932250 Ghana 1095.5032 FALSE TRUE GHS 1.4140249 Ghana 0.5440032 2.599295 0.1512814
ROTAVIRUS 1 Wastage Evaluation of cost-effectiveness of live oral pentavalent reassortant rotavirus vaccine introduction in Ghana. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X12001144 2009 Ghana 0.1123500 Ghana 1095.5032 FALSE TRUE GHS 1.4140249 Ghana 0.5440032 2.599295 0.0432233
CHOLERA 2 Transportation Feasibility of a mass vaccination campaign using a two-dose oral cholera vaccine in an urban cholera-endemic setting in Mozambique. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X0501042X 2003 Mozambique 8.4289128 Mozambique 280.8726 FALSE FALSE MZN 23.3021693 Mozambique 11.9643561 1.947633 4.3277736
CHOLERA 2 Human resources Feasibility of a mass vaccination campaign using a two-dose oral cholera vaccine in an urban cholera-endemic setting in Mozambique. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X0501042X 2003 Mozambique 6.8243728 Mozambique 280.8726 FALSE FALSE MZN 23.3021693 Mozambique 11.9643561 1.947633 3.5039324
CHOLERA 2 Administration Feasibility of a mass vaccination campaign using a two-dose oral cholera vaccine in an urban cholera-endemic setting in Mozambique. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X0501042X 2003 Mozambique 1.9498208 Mozambique 280.8726 FALSE FALSE MZN 23.3021693 Mozambique 11.9643561 1.947633 1.0011235
CHOLERA 2 Sensitisation Feasibility of a mass vaccination campaign using a two-dose oral cholera vaccine in an urban cholera-endemic setting in Mozambique. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X0501042X 2003 Mozambique 2.1326165 Mozambique 280.8726 FALSE FALSE MZN 23.3021693 Mozambique 11.9643561 1.947633 1.0949789
MALARIA 4 Administration GSK 5 country, unpublished NA 2014 Kenya 0.1807305 Kenya 1368.4911 FALSE FALSE KES 87.9608077 Kenya 40.5253650 2.170512 0.0832663
MALARIA 4 Transportation GSK 5 country, unpublished NA 2014 Kenya 0.0002800 Kenya 1368.4911 FALSE FALSE KES 87.9608077 Kenya 40.5253650 2.170512 0.0001290
MALARIA 4 Wastage GSK 5 country, unpublished NA 2014 Kenya 0.6440115 Kenya 1368.4911 FALSE FALSE KES 87.9608077 Kenya 40.5253650 2.170512 0.2967094
MALARIA 4 Equipment GSK 5 country, unpublished NA 2014 Kenya 0.2418225 Kenya 1368.4911 FALSE FALSE KES 87.9608077 Kenya 40.5253650 2.170512 0.1114126
MALARIA 4 Training GSK 5 country, unpublished NA 2014 Kenya 0.1654575 Kenya 1368.4911 FALSE FALSE KES 87.9608077 Kenya 40.5253650 2.170512 0.0762297
MALARIA 4 Sensitisation GSK 5 country, unpublished NA 2014 Kenya 0.0610920 Kenya 1368.4911 FALSE FALSE KES 87.9608077 Kenya 40.5253650 2.170512 0.0281463
MALARIA 4 Human resources GSK 5 country, unpublished NA 2014 Kenya 3.7698855 Kenya 1368.4911 FALSE FALSE KES 87.9608077 Kenya 40.5253650 2.170512 1.7368643
MALARIA 4 Administration GSK 5 country, unpublished NA 2014 Burkina faso 0.1934580 NA 903.4649 FALSE FALSE XOF 494.4787388 Burkina Faso 207.4875311 2.383173 0.0811766
MALARIA 4 Transportation GSK 5 country, unpublished NA 2014 Burkina faso 0.0003055 NA 903.4649 FALSE FALSE XOF 494.4787388 Burkina Faso 207.4875311 2.383173 0.0001282
MALARIA 4 Wastage GSK 5 country, unpublished NA 2014 Burkina faso 0.6007380 NA 903.4649 FALSE FALSE XOF 494.4787388 Burkina Faso 207.4875311 2.383173 0.2520748
MALARIA 4 Equipment GSK 5 country, unpublished NA 2014 Burkina faso 0.0840015 NA 903.4649 FALSE FALSE XOF 494.4787388 Burkina Faso 207.4875311 2.383173 0.0352478
MALARIA 4 Training GSK 5 country, unpublished NA 2014 Burkina faso 0.0458190 NA 903.4649 FALSE FALSE XOF 494.4787388 Burkina Faso 207.4875311 2.383173 0.0192260
MALARIA 4 Sensitisation GSK 5 country, unpublished NA 2014 Burkina faso 0.0407280 NA 903.4649 FALSE FALSE XOF 494.4787388 Burkina Faso 207.4875311 2.383173 0.0170898
MALARIA 4 Human resources GSK 5 country, unpublished NA 2014 Burkina faso 0.5218275 NA 903.4649 FALSE FALSE XOF 494.4787388 Burkina Faso 207.4875311 2.383173 0.2189633
MALARIA 4 Administration GSK 5 country, unpublished NA 2014 Tanzania 0.3156420 Tanzania 954.6190 FALSE FALSE TZS 1627.7249291 Tanzania 621.2248304 2.620186 0.1204655
MALARIA 4 Transportation GSK 5 country, unpublished NA 2014 Tanzania 0.0002800 Tanzania 954.6190 FALSE FALSE TZS 1627.7249291 Tanzania 621.2248304 2.620186 0.0001069
MALARIA 4 Wastage GSK 5 country, unpublished NA 2014 Tanzania 0.6821940 Tanzania 954.6190 FALSE FALSE TZS 1627.7249291 Tanzania 621.2248304 2.620186 0.2603609
MALARIA 4 Equipment GSK 5 country, unpublished NA 2014 Tanzania 0.7305585 Tanzania 954.6190 FALSE FALSE TZS 1627.7249291 Tanzania 621.2248304 2.620186 0.2788193
MALARIA 4 Training GSK 5 country, unpublished NA 2014 Tanzania 0.0789105 Tanzania 954.6190 FALSE FALSE TZS 1627.7249291 Tanzania 621.2248304 2.620186 0.0301164
MALARIA 4 Sensitisation GSK 5 country, unpublished NA 2014 Tanzania 0.0000000 Tanzania 954.6190 FALSE FALSE TZS 1627.7249291 Tanzania 621.2248304 2.620186 0.0000000
MALARIA 4 Human resources GSK 5 country, unpublished NA 2014 Tanzania 0.8934705 Tanzania 954.6190 FALSE FALSE TZS 1627.7249291 Tanzania 621.2248304 2.620186 0.3409950
MALARIA 4 Administration GSK 5 country, unpublished NA 2014 Ghana 0.2163675 Ghana 1441.6365 FALSE FALSE GHS 3.0303605 Ghana 1.0315508 2.937675 0.0736526
MALARIA 4 Transportation GSK 5 country, unpublished NA 2014 Ghana 0.0003309 Ghana 1441.6365 FALSE FALSE GHS 3.0303605 Ghana 1.0315508 2.937675 0.0001126
MALARIA 4 Wastage GSK 5 country, unpublished NA 2014 Ghana 0.8731065 Ghana 1441.6365 FALSE FALSE GHS 3.0303605 Ghana 1.0315508 2.937675 0.2972101
MALARIA 4 Equipment GSK 5 country, unpublished NA 2014 Ghana 0.0967290 Ghana 1441.6365 FALSE FALSE GHS 3.0303605 Ghana 1.0315508 2.937675 0.0329271
MALARIA 4 Training GSK 5 country, unpublished NA 2014 Ghana 0.0992745 Ghana 1441.6365 FALSE FALSE GHS 3.0303605 Ghana 1.0315508 2.937675 0.0337936
MALARIA 4 Sensitisation GSK 5 country, unpublished NA 2014 Ghana 0.0814560 Ghana 1441.6365 FALSE FALSE GHS 3.0303605 Ghana 1.0315508 2.937675 0.0277281
MALARIA 4 Human resources GSK 5 country, unpublished NA 2014 Ghana 0.1654575 Ghana 1441.6365 FALSE FALSE GHS 3.0303605 Ghana 1.0315508 2.937675 0.0563226
MALARIA 4 Administration GSK 5 country, unpublished NA 2014 Mozambique 0.3258240 Mozambique 622.6381 FALSE FALSE MZN 30.8304410 Mozambique 17.1798555 1.794569 0.1815611
MALARIA 4 Transportation GSK 5 country, unpublished NA 2014 Mozambique 0.0002546 Mozambique 622.6381 FALSE FALSE MZN 30.8304410 Mozambique 17.1798555 1.794569 0.0001418
MALARIA 4 Wastage GSK 5 country, unpublished NA 2014 Mozambique 0.4225530 Mozambique 622.6381 FALSE FALSE MZN 30.8304410 Mozambique 17.1798555 1.794569 0.2354621
MALARIA 4 Equipment GSK 5 country, unpublished NA 2014 Mozambique 0.1578210 Mozambique 622.6381 FALSE FALSE MZN 30.8304410 Mozambique 17.1798555 1.794569 0.0879437
MALARIA 4 Training GSK 5 country, unpublished NA 2014 Mozambique 0.0432735 Mozambique 622.6381 FALSE FALSE MZN 30.8304410 Mozambique 17.1798555 1.794569 0.0241136
MALARIA 4 Sensitisation GSK 5 country, unpublished NA 2014 Mozambique 0.0305460 Mozambique 622.6381 FALSE FALSE MZN 30.8304410 Mozambique 17.1798555 1.794569 0.0170214
MALARIA 4 Human resources GSK 5 country, unpublished NA 2014 Mozambique 0.9749265 Mozambique 622.6381 FALSE FALSE MZN 30.8304410 Mozambique 17.1798555 1.794569 0.5432649
BCG 1 Wastage Incremental costs of introducing jet injection technology for delivery of routine childhood vaccinations: comparative analysis from Brazil, India, and South Africa. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X10016725 2009 South africa 15.2329749 NA 768.0135 FALSE TRUE ZAR 8.4115104 South Africa 4.3531291 1.932291 7.8833768
DTAP-HIB/IPV 4 Wastage Incremental costs of introducing jet injection technology for delivery of routine childhood vaccinations: comparative analysis from Brazil, India, and South Africa. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X10016725 2009 South africa 5.0776583 NA 768.0135 FALSE TRUE ZAR 8.4115104 South Africa 4.3531291 1.932291 2.6277923
PNEUMOCOCCAL 3 Wastage Incremental costs of introducing jet injection technology for delivery of routine childhood vaccinations: comparative analysis from Brazil, India, and South Africa. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X10016725 2009 South africa 5.0776583 NA 768.0135 FALSE TRUE ZAR 8.4115104 South Africa 4.3531291 1.932291 2.6277923
HEPATITIS B 3 Wastage Incremental costs of introducing jet injection technology for delivery of routine childhood vaccinations: comparative analysis from Brazil, India, and South Africa. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X10016725 2009 South africa 5.0776583 NA 768.0135 FALSE TRUE ZAR 8.4115104 South Africa 4.3531291 1.932291 2.6277923
MEASLES 2 Wastage Incremental costs of introducing jet injection technology for delivery of routine childhood vaccinations: comparative analysis from Brazil, India, and South Africa. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X10016725 2009 South africa 8.1242533 NA 768.0135 FALSE TRUE ZAR 8.4115104 South Africa 4.3531291 1.932291 4.2044676
TETANUS 2 Wastage Incremental costs of introducing jet injection technology for delivery of routine childhood vaccinations: comparative analysis from Brazil, India, and South Africa. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X10016725 2009 South africa 5.0776583 NA 768.0135 FALSE TRUE ZAR 8.4115104 South Africa 4.3531291 1.932291 2.6277923
BCG 1 Transportation Incremental costs of introducing jet injection technology for delivery of routine childhood vaccinations: comparative analysis from Brazil, India, and South Africa. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X10016725 2009 South africa 0.1235850 NA 768.0135 FALSE TRUE ZAR 8.4115104 South Africa 4.3531291 1.932291 0.0639578
DTAP-HIB/IPV 4 Transportation Incremental costs of introducing jet injection technology for delivery of routine childhood vaccinations: comparative analysis from Brazil, India, and South Africa. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X10016725 2009 South africa 2.4717000 NA 768.0135 FALSE TRUE ZAR 8.4115104 South Africa 4.3531291 1.932291 1.2791554
PNEUMOCOCCAL 3 Transportation Incremental costs of introducing jet injection technology for delivery of routine childhood vaccinations: comparative analysis from Brazil, India, and South Africa. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X10016725 2009 South africa 10.1115000 NA 768.0135 FALSE TRUE ZAR 8.4115104 South Africa 4.3531291 1.932291 5.2329086
HEPATITIS B 3 Transportation Incremental costs of introducing jet injection technology for delivery of routine childhood vaccinations: comparative analysis from Brazil, India, and South Africa. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X10016725 2009 South africa 0.2509150 NA 768.0135 FALSE TRUE ZAR 8.4115104 South Africa 4.3531291 1.932291 0.1298537
MEASLES 2 Transportation Incremental costs of introducing jet injection technology for delivery of routine childhood vaccinations: comparative analysis from Brazil, India, and South Africa. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X10016725 2009 South africa 0.2471700 NA 768.0135 FALSE TRUE ZAR 8.4115104 South Africa 4.3531291 1.932291 0.1279155
TETANUS 2 Transportation Incremental costs of introducing jet injection technology for delivery of routine childhood vaccinations: comparative analysis from Brazil, India, and South Africa. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X10016725 2009 South africa 2.1346500 NA 768.0135 FALSE TRUE ZAR 8.4115104 South Africa 4.3531291 1.932291 1.1047251
BCG 1 Wastage Incremental system costs of introducing combined DTwP-hepatitis B-Hib vaccine into national immunization services in Ethiopia. http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0264410X08017623/1-s2.0-S0264410X08017623-main.pdf?_tid=6a6c4140-614a-11e6-8363-00000aacb361&acdnat=1471088472_baec2e52dd2e62631a155b1a9bccaac6 2007 Ethiopia 13.2019116 Ethiopia 243.6288 FALSE TRUE ETB 8.7627126 Ethiopia 2.6498723 3.306843 3.9923003
DTWP 1 Wastage Incremental system costs of introducing combined DTwP-hepatitis B-Hib vaccine into national immunization services in Ethiopia. http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0264410X08017623/1-s2.0-S0264410X08017623-main.pdf?_tid=6a6c4140-614a-11e6-8363-00000aacb361&acdnat=1471088472_baec2e52dd2e62631a155b1a9bccaac6 2007 Ethiopia 5.0776583 Ethiopia 243.6288 FALSE TRUE ETB 8.7627126 Ethiopia 2.6498723 3.306843 1.5355001
MEASLES 1 Wastage Incremental system costs of introducing combined DTwP-hepatitis B-Hib vaccine into national immunization services in Ethiopia. http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0264410X08017623/1-s2.0-S0264410X08017623-main.pdf?_tid=6a6c4140-614a-11e6-8363-00000aacb361&acdnat=1471088472_baec2e52dd2e62631a155b1a9bccaac6 2007 Ethiopia 6.0931900 Ethiopia 243.6288 FALSE TRUE ETB 8.7627126 Ethiopia 2.6498723 3.306843 1.8426001
OPV 1 Wastage Incremental system costs of introducing combined DTwP-hepatitis B-Hib vaccine into national immunization services in Ethiopia. http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0264410X08017623/1-s2.0-S0264410X08017623-main.pdf?_tid=6a6c4140-614a-11e6-8363-00000aacb361&acdnat=1471088472_baec2e52dd2e62631a155b1a9bccaac6 2007 Ethiopia 2.0310633 Ethiopia 243.6288 FALSE TRUE ETB 8.7627126 Ethiopia 2.6498723 3.306843 0.6142000
TETANUS 1 Wastage Incremental system costs of introducing combined DTwP-hepatitis B-Hib vaccine into national immunization services in Ethiopia. http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0264410X08017623/1-s2.0-S0264410X08017623-main.pdf?_tid=6a6c4140-614a-11e6-8363-00000aacb361&acdnat=1471088472_baec2e52dd2e62631a155b1a9bccaac6 2007 Ethiopia 2.0310633 Ethiopia 243.6288 FALSE TRUE ETB 8.7627126 Ethiopia 2.6498723 3.306843 0.6142000
BCG 1 Administration Incremental system costs of introducing combined DTwP-hepatitis B-Hib vaccine into national immunization services in Ethiopia. http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0264410X08017623/1-s2.0-S0264410X08017623-main.pdf?_tid=6a6c4140-614a-11e6-8363-00000aacb361&acdnat=1471088472_baec2e52dd2e62631a155b1a9bccaac6 2007 Ethiopia 3.8590203 Ethiopia 243.6288 FALSE TRUE ETB 8.7627126 Ethiopia 2.6498723 3.306843 1.1669801
DTWP 1 Administration Incremental system costs of introducing combined DTwP-hepatitis B-Hib vaccine into national immunization services in Ethiopia. http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0264410X08017623/1-s2.0-S0264410X08017623-main.pdf?_tid=6a6c4140-614a-11e6-8363-00000aacb361&acdnat=1471088472_baec2e52dd2e62631a155b1a9bccaac6 2007 Ethiopia 9.7491039 Ethiopia 243.6288 FALSE TRUE ETB 8.7627126 Ethiopia 2.6498723 3.306843 2.9481602
MEASLES 1 Administration Incremental system costs of introducing combined DTwP-hepatitis B-Hib vaccine into national immunization services in Ethiopia. http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0264410X08017623/1-s2.0-S0264410X08017623-main.pdf?_tid=6a6c4140-614a-11e6-8363-00000aacb361&acdnat=1471088472_baec2e52dd2e62631a155b1a9bccaac6 2007 Ethiopia 3.0465950 Ethiopia 243.6288 FALSE TRUE ETB 8.7627126 Ethiopia 2.6498723 3.306843 0.9213001
OPV 1 Administration Incremental system costs of introducing combined DTwP-hepatitis B-Hib vaccine into national immunization services in Ethiopia. http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0264410X08017623/1-s2.0-S0264410X08017623-main.pdf?_tid=6a6c4140-614a-11e6-8363-00000aacb361&acdnat=1471088472_baec2e52dd2e62631a155b1a9bccaac6 2007 Ethiopia 0.6093190 Ethiopia 243.6288 FALSE TRUE ETB 8.7627126 Ethiopia 2.6498723 3.306843 0.1842600
TETANUS 1 Administration Incremental system costs of introducing combined DTwP-hepatitis B-Hib vaccine into national immunization services in Ethiopia. http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0264410X08017623/1-s2.0-S0264410X08017623-main.pdf?_tid=6a6c4140-614a-11e6-8363-00000aacb361&acdnat=1471088472_baec2e52dd2e62631a155b1a9bccaac6 2007 Ethiopia 3.2497013 Ethiopia 243.6288 FALSE TRUE ETB 8.7627126 Ethiopia 2.6498723 3.306843 0.9827201
PENTAVALENT 1 Transportation Incremental system costs of introducing combined DTwP-hepatitis B-Hib vaccine into national immunization services in Ethiopia. http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0264410X08017623/1-s2.0-S0264410X08017623-main.pdf?_tid=6a6c4140-614a-11e6-8363-00000aacb361&acdnat=1471088472_baec2e52dd2e62631a155b1a9bccaac6 2007 Ethiopia 19.2951015 Ethiopia 243.6288 FALSE TRUE ETB 8.7627126 Ethiopia 2.6498723 3.306843 5.8349004
PENTAVALENT 1 Training Incremental system costs of introducing combined DTwP-hepatitis B-Hib vaccine into national immunization services in Ethiopia. http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0264410X08017623/1-s2.0-S0264410X08017623-main.pdf?_tid=6a6c4140-614a-11e6-8363-00000aacb361&acdnat=1471088472_baec2e52dd2e62631a155b1a9bccaac6 2007 Ethiopia 0.6093190 Ethiopia 243.6288 FALSE TRUE ETB 8.7627126 Ethiopia 2.6498723 3.306843 0.1842600
PENTAVALENT 1 Sensitisation Incremental system costs of introducing combined DTwP-hepatitis B-Hib vaccine into national immunization services in Ethiopia. http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0264410X08017623/1-s2.0-S0264410X08017623-main.pdf?_tid=6a6c4140-614a-11e6-8363-00000aacb361&acdnat=1471088472_baec2e52dd2e62631a155b1a9bccaac6 2007 Ethiopia 0.2031063 Ethiopia 243.6288 FALSE TRUE ETB 8.7627126 Ethiopia 2.6498723 3.306843 0.0614200
MULTIPLE 1 Administration One Size Does Not Fit All: The Impact of Primary Vaccine Container Size on Vaccine Distribution and Delivery http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=25889160 2000 Benin 0.3499500 Benin 369.7009 FALSE FALSE XOF 712.8209836 Benin 201.6944652 3.534162 0.0990192
TUBERCULOSIS 1 Transportation Potential Cost-Effectiveness of a New Infant Tuberculosis Vaccine in South Africa - Implications for Clinical Trials: A Decision Analysis http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3893082/pdf/pone.0083526.pdf 2012 South africa 0.7348600 NA 807.6885 TRUE FALSE ZAR 8.2126022 South Africa 4.9354091 1.664017 0.4416182
TUBERCULOSIS 1 Administration Potential Cost-Effectiveness of a New Infant Tuberculosis Vaccine in South Africa - Implications for Clinical Trials: A Decision Analysis http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3893082/pdf/pone.0083526.pdf 2012 South africa 0.5249000 NA 807.6885 TRUE FALSE ZAR 8.2126022 South Africa 4.9354091 1.664017 0.3154416
MALARIA 1 Administration Predicting the cost-effectiveness of introducing a pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine into the expanded program on immunization in Tanzania. http://www.ajtmh.org/content/75/2_suppl/131/T1.expansion.html 2006 Tanzania 5.0693440 Tanzania 475.9088 FALSE TRUE TZS 1219.2575898 Tanzania 348.1325915 3.502279 1.4474414
HIV 1 Administration Projected economic evaluation of the national implementation of a hypothetical HIV vaccination program among adolescents in South Africa, 2012 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4832469/ 2012 South africa 17.8466000 NA 807.6885 FALSE FALSE ZAR 8.2126022 South Africa 4.9354091 1.664017 10.7250138
MENINGITIS 1 Administration Review of the cost effectiveness of immunisation strategies for the control of epidemic meningococcal meningitis. http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/356/art%253A10.2165%252F00019053-200523040-00004.pdf?originUrl=http%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.2165%2F00019053-200523040-00004&token2=exp=1470737110~acl=%2Fstatic%2Fpdf%2F356%2Fart%25253A10.2165%25252F00019053-200523040-00004.pdf%3ForiginUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Flink.springer.com%252Farticle%252F10.2165%252F00019053-200523040-00004*~hmac=2d82dbaf8acdfdf24f7427e7093ae178326669428b104509485b5adee7aad607 1993 Guinea 2.8434886 Guinea 458.2536 FALSE FALSE GNF 998.7993082 Guinea 592.7855487 1.684925 1.6876053
MENINGITIS 1 Human resources Review of the cost effectiveness of immunisation strategies for the control of epidemic meningococcal meningitis. http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/356/art%253A10.2165%252F00019053-200523040-00004.pdf?originUrl=http%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.2165%2F00019053-200523040-00004&token2=exp=1470737110~acl=%2Fstatic%2Fpdf%2F356%2Fart%25253A10.2165%25252F00019053-200523040-00004.pdf%3ForiginUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Flink.springer.com%252Farticle%252F10.2165%252F00019053-200523040-00004*~hmac=2d82dbaf8acdfdf24f7427e7093ae178326669428b104509485b5adee7aad607 1993 Guinea 2.2341697 Guinea 458.2536 FALSE FALSE GNF 998.7993082 Guinea 592.7855487 1.684925 1.3259756
MENINGITIS 1 Transportation Review of the cost effectiveness of immunisation strategies for the control of epidemic meningococcal meningitis. http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/356/art%253A10.2165%252F00019053-200523040-00004.pdf?originUrl=http%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.2165%2F00019053-200523040-00004&token2=exp=1470737110~acl=%2Fstatic%2Fpdf%2F356%2Fart%25253A10.2165%25252F00019053-200523040-00004.pdf%3ForiginUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Flink.springer.com%252Farticle%252F10.2165%252F00019053-200523040-00004*~hmac=2d82dbaf8acdfdf24f7427e7093ae178326669428b104509485b5adee7aad607 1993 Guinea 3.2497013 Guinea 458.2536 FALSE FALSE GNF 998.7993082 Guinea 592.7855487 1.684925 1.9286917
HIV 1 Administration The Case for Adolescent HIV Vaccination in South Africa: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. http://ovidsp.tx.ovid.com/sp-3.21.0a/ovidweb.cgi?WebLinkFrameset=1&S=POEIFPBGFBDDGFGNNCIKKCIBCFKGAA00&returnUrl=ovidweb.cgi%3f%26Full%2bText%3dL%257cS.sh.22.23%257c0%257c00005792-201601250-00016%26S%3dPOEIFPBGFBDDGFGNNCIKKCIBCFKGAA00&directlink=http%3a%2f%2fovidsp.tx.ovid.com%2fovftpdfs%2fFPDDNCIBKCGNFB00%2ffs047%2fovft%2flive%2fgv031%2f00005792%2f00005792-201601250-00016.pdf&filename=The+Case+for+Adolescent+HIV+Vaccination+in+South+Africa%3a+A+Cost-Effectiveness+Analysis.&pdf_key=FPDDNCIBKCGNFB00&pdf_index=/fs047/ovft/live/gv031/00005792/00005792-201601250-00016 2012 South africa 0.1574700 NA 807.6885 FALSE FALSE ZAR 8.2126022 South Africa 4.9354091 1.664017 0.0946325
HIV 1 Transportation The Case for Adolescent HIV Vaccination in South Africa: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. http://ovidsp.tx.ovid.com/sp-3.21.0a/ovidweb.cgi?WebLinkFrameset=1&S=POEIFPBGFBDDGFGNNCIKKCIBCFKGAA00&returnUrl=ovidweb.cgi%3f%26Full%2bText%3dL%257cS.sh.22.23%257c0%257c00005792-201601250-00016%26S%3dPOEIFPBGFBDDGFGNNCIKKCIBCFKGAA00&directlink=http%3a%2f%2fovidsp.tx.ovid.com%2fovftpdfs%2fFPDDNCIBKCGNFB00%2ffs047%2fovft%2flive%2fgv031%2f00005792%2f00005792-201601250-00016.pdf&filename=The+Case+for+Adolescent+HIV+Vaccination+in+South+Africa%3a+A+Cost-Effectiveness+Analysis.&pdf_key=FPDDNCIBKCGNFB00&pdf_index=/fs047/ovft/live/gv031/00005792/00005792-201601250-00016 2012 South africa 0.5039040 NA 807.6885 FALSE FALSE ZAR 8.2126022 South Africa 4.9354091 1.664017 0.3028239
HEPATITIS B 1 Human resources The cost-effectiveness of introducing hepatitis B vaccine into infant immunization services in Mozambique. NA 2001 Mozambique 5.7885305 Mozambique 253.6632 FALSE TRUE MZN 20.3284510 Mozambique 10.6435029 1.909940 3.0307396
HEPATITIS B 1 Transportation The cost-effectiveness of introducing hepatitis B vaccine into infant immunization services in Mozambique. NA 2001 Mozambique 2.5794504 Mozambique 253.6632 FALSE TRUE MZN 20.3284510 Mozambique 10.6435029 1.909940 1.3505401
HEPATITIS B 1 Administration The cost-effectiveness of introducing hepatitis B vaccine into infant immunization services in Mozambique. NA 2001 Mozambique 2.4169653 Mozambique 253.6632 FALSE TRUE MZN 20.3284510 Mozambique 10.6435029 1.909940 1.2654667
ROTAVIRUS 1 Wastage The Cost-Effectiveness of Rotavirus Vaccination in Malawi https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3962285/ 2008 Malawi 0.1119500 Malawi 382.6780 FALSE FALSE MWK 138.5863665 Malawi 57.5175284 2.409463 0.0464626
ROTAVIRUS 1 Administration The Cost-Effectiveness of Rotavirus Vaccination in Malawi https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3962285/ 2008 Malawi 0.3918250 Malawi 382.6780 FALSE FALSE MWK 138.5863665 Malawi 57.5175284 2.409463 0.1626192
OPV 1 Wastage The cost of integrating hepatitis B virus vaccine into national immunization programmes: a case study from Addis Ababa. http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/4/408.long 1996 Ethiopia 4.8948626 Ethiopia 144.6929 FALSE FALSE ETB 5.8279616 Ethiopia 1.9641545 2.967160 1.6496791
DPT 1 Wastage The cost of integrating hepatitis B virus vaccine into national immunization programmes: a case study from Addis Ababa. http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/4/408.long 1996 Ethiopia 0.5890084 Ethiopia 144.6929 FALSE FALSE ETB 5.8279616 Ethiopia 1.9641545 2.967160 0.1985091
MEASLES 1 Wastage The cost of integrating hepatitis B virus vaccine into national immunization programmes: a case study from Addis Ababa. http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/4/408.long 1996 Ethiopia 1.0764636 Ethiopia 144.6929 FALSE FALSE ETB 5.8279616 Ethiopia 1.9641545 2.967160 0.3627925
BCG 1 Wastage The cost of integrating hepatitis B virus vaccine into national immunization programmes: a case study from Addis Ababa. http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/4/408.long 1996 Ethiopia 10.3178017 Ethiopia 144.6929 FALSE FALSE ETB 5.8279616 Ethiopia 1.9641545 2.967160 3.4773319
TT 1 Wastage The cost of integrating hepatitis B virus vaccine into national immunization programmes: a case study from Addis Ababa. http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/4/408.long 1996 Ethiopia 5.1995221 Ethiopia 144.6929 FALSE FALSE ETB 5.8279616 Ethiopia 1.9641545 2.967160 1.7523562
MULTIPLE 1 Transportation The cost of integrating hepatitis B virus vaccine into national immunization programmes: a case study from Addis Ababa. http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/4/408.long 1996 Ethiopia 1.2186380 Ethiopia 144.6929 FALSE FALSE ETB 5.8279616 Ethiopia 1.9641545 2.967160 0.4107085
MULTIPLE 1 Administration The cost of integrating hepatitis B virus vaccine into national immunization programmes: a case study from Addis Ababa. http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/4/408.long 1996 Ethiopia 6.1947431 Ethiopia 144.6929 FALSE FALSE ETB 5.8279616 Ethiopia 1.9641545 2.967160 2.0877682
HEPATITIS B 3 Sensitisation The cost of integrating hepatitis B virus vaccine into national immunization programmes: a case study from Addis Ababa. http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/4/408.long 2000 Ethiopia 0.0406213 Ethiopia 124.0510 FALSE FALSE ETB 8.0835034 Ethiopia 2.0597566 3.924494 0.0103507
HEPATITIS B 3 Administration The cost of integrating hepatitis B virus vaccine into national immunization programmes: a case study from Addis Ababa. http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/4/408.long 2000 Ethiopia 1.7467145 Ethiopia 124.0510 FALSE FALSE ETB 8.0835034 Ethiopia 2.0597566 3.924494 0.4450801
HEPATITIS B 3 Transportation The cost of integrating hepatitis B virus vaccine into national immunization programmes: a case study from Addis Ababa. http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/4/408.long 2000 Ethiopia 1.6654719 Ethiopia 124.0510 FALSE FALSE ETB 8.0835034 Ethiopia 2.0597566 3.924494 0.4243787
HEPATITIS B 3 Human resources The cost of integrating hepatitis B virus vaccine into national immunization programmes: a case study from Addis Ababa. http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/4/408.long 2000 Ethiopia 5.1182796 Ethiopia 124.0510 FALSE FALSE ETB 8.0835034 Ethiopia 2.0597566 3.924494 1.3041883
HPV 3 Human resources The costs of delivering human papillomavirus vaccination to Grade 4 learners in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa http://www.samj.org.za/index.php/samj/article/view/9988/7314 2014 South africa 3.7818428 NA 903.4649 FALSE FALSE ZAR 10.8494923 South Africa 5.3758316 2.018198 1.8738711
HPV 3 Administration The costs of delivering human papillomavirus vaccination to Grade 4 learners in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa http://www.samj.org.za/index.php/samj/article/view/9988/7314 2014 South africa 0.6204461 NA 903.4649 FALSE FALSE ZAR 10.8494923 South Africa 5.3758316 2.018198 0.3074258
HPV 3 Transportation The costs of delivering human papillomavirus vaccination to Grade 4 learners in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa http://www.samj.org.za/index.php/samj/article/view/9988/7314 2014 South africa 1.1951583 NA 903.4649 FALSE FALSE ZAR 10.8494923 South Africa 5.3758316 2.018198 0.5921908
MALARIA 1 Administration The costs of introducing a malaria vaccine through the expanded program on immunization in Tanzania. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=75/2_suppl/119 2000 Tanzania 3.0465950 Tanzania 308.4063 FALSE TRUE TZS 799.3497432 Tanzania 209.0642129 3.823465 0.7968151
MALARIA 1 Transportation The costs of introducing a malaria vaccine through the expanded program on immunization in Tanzania. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=75/2_suppl/119 2000 Tanzania 8.7335723 Tanzania 308.4063 FALSE TRUE TZS 799.3497432 Tanzania 209.0642129 3.823465 2.2842034
MALARIA 1 Human resources The costs of introducing a malaria vaccine through the expanded program on immunization in Tanzania. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=75/2_suppl/119 2000 Tanzania 0.8124253 Tanzania 308.4063 FALSE TRUE TZS 799.3497432 Tanzania 209.0642129 3.823465 0.2124840
MULTIPLE 1 Human resources What have we learned on costs and financing of routine immunization from the comprehensive multi-year plans in GAVI eligible countries? http://www.sciencedirect.com.sire.ub.edu/science/article/pii/S0264410X15000225 2014 Multiple 3.0465950 NA 903.4649 FALSE FALSE USD 1.0000000 United States 1.0000000 1.000000 3.0465950
MULTIPLE 1 Equipment What have we learned on costs and financing of routine immunization from the comprehensive multi-year plans in GAVI eligible countries? http://www.sciencedirect.com.sire.ub.edu/science/article/pii/S0264410X15000225 2014 Multiple 2.8434886 NA 903.4649 FALSE FALSE USD 1.0000000 United States 1.0000000 1.000000 2.8434886

References

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